Journal: Neural Regeneration Research
Article Title: Maintaining moderate levels of hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the recovery phase of stroke
doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.392889
Figure Lengend Snippet: Moderate hypochlorous acid promotes neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes and neurons under O/R conditions. (A, B) Effect and statistical analysis of low concentration hypochlorous acid on the expression of GFAP, Tuj-1, and CNP detected by western blotting in C17.2 cells. Data were normalized to the Control (Con) group. (C, D) Effect and statistical analysis of low concentration hypochlorous acid on expression of GFAP, Tuj-1, and CNP detected by western blotting in O/R-challenged C17.2 cells. Data were normalized to the Con group. (E–H) Representative images and statistical analysis of low concentration hypochlorous acid on immunopositivity of GFAP (PE, red), Tuj-1 (FITC, green), and CNP (FITC, green) in O/R-challenged primary NSCs. 5 μM hypochlorous acid increased the ratio of GFAP + to DAPI + cells, but reduced the ratio of CNP + to DAPI + cells. However, 100 μM hypochlorous acid increased the ratio of Tuj-1 + to DAPI + cells and GFAP + to DAPI + cells, but reduced the ratio of CNP + to DAPI + cells. (I, J) Representative images and statistical analysis of low concentration hypochlorous acid on immunopositivity of Tuj-1 (FITC, green) in the SVZ of MCAO rats. Low-concentration hypochlorous acid increased Tuj-1 immunopositivity. Data were normalized to the MCAO group. Scale bar: 50 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD ( n = 5). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 (B, F–H: one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test, D, J: one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). CNP: 2′,3′-Cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase; DAPI: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; NSC: neural stem cell; O/R: oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation; SVZ: subventricular zone; Tuj-1: beta-III tubulin.
Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C: mouse anti-rat Nestin (1:200, Cat# NBP1-92717, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA, RRID: AB_11020601), rabbit anti-rat Sox2 (1:200, Cat# AF2018, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, RRID: AB_355110), rabbit ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1, 1:100, Cat# A19776, Abclone, Wuhan, China), phycoerythrin mouse anti-GFAP (1:200, Cat# 16825-1-AP, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lake, NJ, USA, RRID: AB_1645412), mouse anti-2,3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase (CNP, 1:100, Cat# 66729-1-IG, Abcam, RRID: AB_2082593), and mouse beta-III tubulin (Tuj-1) (FITC) (1:200, Cat# 66375-1-IG, Novus Biologicals, RRID: AB_535885).
Techniques: Cell Differentiation, Concentration Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Control